What followed was a painful journey from Karbala to Kufa, and then to Damascus (Shaam) — filled with humiliation, physical hardship, and emotional trauma. But this phase also saw the unshakable bravery of Sayyidah Zainab (رضي الله عنها) and the divine patience of Imam Zain-ul-Abideen (رضي الله عنه).

1. The Aftermath of Ashura

After Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) was martyred, the enemy soldiers stormed the tents of the Ahl-e-Bayt. The women and children, already grief-stricken, were subjected to further cruelty:

• Tents were set on fire.
• Children were left hungry and thirsty.
• Jewelry, veils, and possessions were snatched from the women.
• Even the sacred daughters of Fatimah (رضي الله عنها), the daughter of the Prophet ﷺ, were disrespected.

Among the survivors were:

• Sayyidah Zainab bint Ali (رضي الله عنها) – sister of Imam Hussain, a woman of unmatched strength and eloquence.
• Sayyidah Umm Kulthum (رضي الله عنها) – the younger sister of Sayyidah Zainab.
• Imam Zain-ul-Abideen (رضي الله عنه) – the only adult male survivor, spared due to illness.

The enemy shackled the women and children, tied ropes around their necks, and dragged them across the burning sands of Karbala. Their journey of grief had just begun.

2. The Journey from Karbala to Kufa

The captives were first taken to Kufa, the city that once promised support to Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه), but betrayed him.

In Kufa:

• The prisoners were paraded publicly, causing the people to weep upon recognizing the family of the Prophet ﷺ.
• They were presented in the court of Ubaydullah ibn Ziyad, the brutal governor of Kufa.

Sayyidah Zainab’s Historic Speech in Kufa

Despite immense sorrow, Sayyidah Zainab (رضي الله عنها) stood with dignity in Ibn Ziyad’s court and delivered a powerful sermon:

“Do you think that you have defeated us? By Allah, you have only cut your own roots… O Ibn Ziyad! Do not be proud of what you have done, for you have killed those whom Allah has honored…”

Her words shook the court and exposed the tyranny and moral collapse of Yazid’s regime. Even some soldiers and onlookers cried in shame.

3. From Kufa to Damascus (Shaam)

After some days, the caravan of captives was sent to Damascus, the capital of Yazid’s empire. The journey was long, cruel, and humiliating, crossing the deserts of Iraq and Syria.

• The women and children were barefoot, veilless, and chained.
• The blessed head of Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) was mounted on a spear and carried at the front.
• People gathered along the roads, thinking they were rebels — but when they heard the truth, many wept bitterly and repented.

Despite being physically broken, Sayyidah Zainab (رضي الله عنها) led the caravan with grace. She comforted the children, preserved the dignity of the household, and continued to speak the truth.

4. The Court of Yazid in Damascus

In Shaam, the family was brought before Yazid. He sat arrogantly on his throne, mocking the martyrs and praising his victory.

But once again, Sayyidah Zainab (رضي الله عنها) rose and spoke fearlessly:

“O Yazid! Do you think you have gained power over us? Your days are numbered. Your deeds will be judged by Allah… You have insulted the family of the Prophet ﷺ. But know this: We have given our lives for the truth!”

This bold declaration stunned the court. Many were moved, and even Yazid became fearful of the political consequences. Eventually, due to public outrage, Yazid released the family and allowed them to return to Madinah.

5. The Legacy of the Captivity

While the men of Karbala gave their lives in the battlefield, the women preserved the message through their words and patience. Their captivity:

• Exposed the cruelty of Yazid to the Muslim Ummah.
• Revived the spirit of resistance and sacrifice.
• Strengthened the bond of the Ummah with the Ahl-e-Bayt.

Sayyidah Zainab (رضي الله عنها) became a symbol of Islamic resistance, much like Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) became a symbol of sacrifice.

Conclusion: Captivity Turned Into a Revolution

From Karbala to Kufa to Shaam, the women and children of the Ahl-e-Bayt endured unimaginable pain. But they turned their suffering into strength, their wounds into wisdom, and their tears into the seeds of change.

As per Sunni Barelvi scholars and Dawat-e-Islami, the message of Karbala is incomplete without remembering the captivity and resilience of the Ahl-e-Bayt.

Their courage is a reminder for all Muslims — to never compromise with falsehood, to stand firm in faith, and to honor the family of the Prophet ﷺ in every era

But Ashura is not just a historical event — it is a timeless lesson in sacrifice, dignity, and unwavering commitment to truth.

1. The Background to the Battle

After refusing to pledge allegiance to the tyrant Yazid, Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) journeyed from Madinah to Makkah, and then toward Kufa upon receiving thousands of letters of support from its people. However, before he arrived, the political environment changed, and Kufa was seized by Yazid’s forces, leaving Imam Hussain isolated.

By the time Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) reached Karbala, he was met by an overwhelming army led by Umar ibn Sa’ad, sent by Ubaydullah ibn Ziyad, Yazid’s governor of Kufa. Imam Hussain, along with 72 companions, including women and children, was forced to camp in the desert, with access to water from the Euphrates River completely blocked.

2. The Night Before Ashura

On the eve of Ashura (9th Muharram), Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) gathered his companions and family. He informed them of the reality that they would all be martyred by the next day and gave them permission to leave in the cover of darkness if they wished. But no one abandoned him. Instead, they reaffirmed their loyalty with tears and bravery, choosing shahadat (martyrdom) over life without honor.

That night was spent in salah, tilawat, and du’a — the desert of Karbala resonated with the sound of worship and the name of Allah.

3. The Battle of Karbala Begins – Morning of Ashura

As the sun rose on the 10th of Muharram, the camp of Imam Hussain was surrounded. Despite multiple attempts to avoid war, Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) was left with no choice.

Key Points About the Battle:

• Yazid’s army numbered between 20,000–30,000 soldiers.
• Imam Hussain’s side had only 72 souls, including children and elderly.
• Imam Hussain’s side fought only to defend their faith, not to attack or gain power.

The battle started after Fajr. Imam Hussain organized his small army and prepared them for the final stand of truth.

4. The Martyrdom of the Noble Companions

One by one, Imam Hussain’s companions went to the battlefield, each reciting verses of bravery and the greatness of Allah. They knew they wouldn’t return — yet each went joyfully, treating martyrdom as an honor.

Among them were:

• Habib ibn Muzahir (رضي الله عنه):

An elderly companion of the Prophet ﷺ and close friend of Imam Hussain. He fought valiantly and was martyred defending the family of the Prophet.

• Muslim ibn Awsaja (رضي الله عنه):

One of the first martyrs of Karbala. Though elderly, he displayed immense courage.

• Zuhair ibn Qayn (رضي الله عنه):

A brave warrior who embraced the truth after hearing Imam Hussain’s call and gave his life with pride.

These companions proved that victory does not lie in numbers but in sincerity.

5. The Martyrdom of the Family of Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه)

The sacrifice became even more painful when members of the Ahl-e-Bayt entered the battlefield:

• Ali Akbar ibn Hussain (رضي الله عنه):

The eldest son of Imam Hussain. A young man in his late teens who resembled the Prophet ﷺ in appearance and manner. He was martyred bravely while calling upon Allah.

• Qasim ibn Hasan (رضي الله عنه):

The young son of Imam Hasan (رضي الله عنه), only about 13 years old. Though a child, he begged Imam Hussain to let him fight and embraced martyrdom.

• Abbas ibn Ali – Al-Abbas Alamdar (رضي الله عنه):

The half-brother of Imam Hussain, also known as Ghazi Abbas. He was the flag-bearer of the camp and a symbol of bravery and loyalty. He went to fetch water for the thirsty children and was killed with both arms severed. His martyrdom shook the camp deeply.

Each martyrdom left a deep emotional wound, but strengthened the mission of Imam Hussain — to never accept falsehood.

6. The Martyrdom of the Infant Ali Asghar (رضي الله عنه)

In one of the most heartbreaking moments of Karbala, Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) brought his six-month-old infant, Ali Asghar, to the battlefield.

Holding him up, he said:

“O people! If I am guilty in your eyes, what has this innocent child done? At least give him a drop of water!”

But in response, a three-pronged arrow was shot by Hurmala, piercing the neck of the baby while in the arms of his father. Imam Hussain looked up and said:

“O Allah! Witness the patience of Your Hussain.”

7. The Final Stand of Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه)

By the afternoon, all his companions and family had been martyred. Imam Hussain stood alone — wounded, exhausted, and heartbroken — but spiritually stronger than ever.

He fought alone with immense courage and recited:

“O soul, be content. Return to your Lord, pleased and pleasing.” (Surah Al-Fajr)

Eventually, he fell to the ground, and the cursed Shimr approached him. In the most horrific act, Imam Hussain was beheaded, and his blessed head was taken to Kufa and then Damascus.

Thus, the greatest martyrdom in Islamic history was completed — not in defeat, but in eternal victory of Haqq (truth) over Baatil (falsehood).

8. Aftermath and the Captives of Karbala

The remaining family — mostly women and children, including Sayyidah Zainab (رضي الله عنها) and Imam Zainul Abideen (رضي الله عنه) — were taken as captives to Kufa and then Shaam (Syria).

But even in chains, Sayyidah Zainab spoke boldly in Yazid’s court, exposing his tyranny and defending the legacy of the Prophet ﷺ.

Conclusion: The Legacy of Ashura

As taught by Sunni scholars, especially Dawat-e-Islami, the tragedy of Karbala was not a defeat — it was a triumph of Imaan, honor, and resistance. Imam Hussain’s blood was not shed in vain; it preserved the spirit of Islam and exposed the dangers of corrupt leadership.

Ashura is not a day of mere mourning — it is a reminder of our duty:

• To stand against injustice
• To live by the truth
• To uphold the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ
• To love and honor the Ahl-e-Bayt

Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) said:

“I did not rise for power or fame. I rose to reform the Ummah of my grandfather ﷺ.”

Let us honor Ashura with prayers, reflection, and commitment to the path of truth and sacrifice.

1. Why Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) Left Madinah

In the year 60 AH, when Yazid ibn Muawiyah assumed the caliphate, he sent direct orders to the governor of Madinah to take bay’ah (pledge of allegiance) from Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه).

But Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) firmly refused.

His reason was clear: he could not legitimize a corrupt and unjust ruler. Yazid’s character, conduct, and leadership were contrary to Islamic values. Accepting him would mean accepting falsehood.

Realizing that Yazid would not stop at anything — and possibly planning to assassinate him — Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) decided to leave Madinah, not to seek power, but to protect his family and safeguard Islam.

He bid farewell to the resting place of his beloved grandfather, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, and departed from Madinah with a heavy heart and pure intention.

2. Journey to Makkah – A Sanctuary

Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه), along with his family members and a small group of companions, arrived in Makkah, the sacred sanctuary, where no blood should be shed. He was warmly welcomed by the people and began to receive visitors and letters from various parts of the Islamic world.

During his stay, Imam Hussain made it clear that:

“I am not seeking power or authority. I only desire to reform the Ummah of my grandfather ﷺ, enjoin good, and forbid evil.”

3. The Letters from Kufa

While in Makkah, hundreds of letters began arriving from Kufa — a city in Iraq. The people of Kufa were familiar with the pious legacy of Imam Ali (رضي الله عنه) and were deeply dissatisfied with Yazid’s rule.

They wrote:

“We have no Imam other than you. Come to us and we will give you full support.”

In many letters, they promised allegiance, protection, and loyalty. Over 18,000 letters were sent. To assess the situation, Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) sent his cousin, Muslim ibn Aqeel (رضي الله عنه), to Kufa as his ambassador.

Muslim ibn Aqeel initially received strong support, and Imam Hussain began preparing to respond to the call. However, this support was short-lived due to the fear and oppression caused by Yazid’s newly appointed governor in Kufa, Ubaydullah ibn Ziyad.

4. The Journey of His Caravan Towards Kufa

Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه), despite knowing the risks, decided to proceed — not for war or rebellion, but in response to the call of the people of Kufa, and to fulfill his duty of speaking the truth.

He left Makkah before Hajj, replacing his intention with Umrah, to avoid the sacred city becoming a place of bloodshed. Yazid had already sent assassins to Makkah to kill him during Hajj — a horrifying act against the sanctity of the Kaaba.

Thus, the caravan of Imam Hussain set out with:

• Family members, including women and children
• Close companions and supporters
• The flag of truth, courage, and sincerity

During the journey, he stopped at various places, delivering sermons, and warning people of the situation. At each stop, he made it clear that:

“If the people of Kufa no longer want me, I am ready to return.”

But news of Muslim ibn Aqeel’s martyrdom soon reached Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) during the journey — a moment of deep sorrow. Still, he did not turn back, because retreat would mean allowing falsehood to prevail and breaking his promise to stand for justice.

5. Arrival at Karbala

On the 2nd of Muharram 61 AH, the caravan reached the barren land of Karbala, by the bank of the River Euphrates. Yazid’s army surrounded them and blocked access to water, even for children.

Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه), despite several peaceful attempts, was not allowed to proceed or return. The enemies insisted he pledge allegiance to Yazid, but he refused, declaring:

“Death with dignity is better than life with humiliation.”

Thus began the final stage of the journey — one that would end in the greatest sacrifice in the history of Islam.

Conclusion: A Journey of Truth, Not Politics

From Madinah to Makkah, and then to Karbala, the journey of Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) was not for worldly power, but for preserving the soul of Islam. As per Sunni scholars and Dawat-e-Islami, this journey symbolizes the eternal battle between Haqq (truth) and Baatil (falsehood).

Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) chose hardship over ease, sacrifice over comfort, and martyrdom over silence — all for the sake of Allah and the Deen of his grandfather ﷺ.

Let us remember this blessed journey and take inspiration to always:

• Speak the truth
• Stand against injustice
• Remain firm on the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ

His Birth, Life, and Special Love of the Prophet ﷺ

Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) was born on the 5th of Sha’ban, 4 AH in Madinah. When he was brought to the Prophet ﷺ as a newborn, the Prophet recited Adhan in his right ear and Iqamah in the left, and named him Hussain, a name never used in the Arab world before.

The Prophet ﷺ held a deep and public love for both Imam Hasan (رضي الله عنه) and Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه). He used to carry them on his shoulders and kiss them lovingly. In one Hadith:

“Hussain is from me and I am from Hussain. May Allah love the one who loves Hussain.”
(Tirmidhi, Hadith 3775)

Another narration mentions:

“These two (Hasan and Hussain) are the leaders of the youth of Paradise.”
(Ibn Majah, Hadith 118)

From these Hadiths, we learn that Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) was not just a family member of the Prophet ﷺ, but a spiritual leader and a role model for the Ummah.

His Noble Character, Piety, and Position in Islam

Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) inherited the best of qualities from his family — bravery from his father Ali (رضي الله عنه), modesty and piety from his mother Fatimah (رضي الله عنها), and mercy from his grandfather, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Some of his noble traits include:

• Unmatched courage and fearlessness for truth
• Taqwa (God-consciousness) in every aspect of life
• Generosity and humility, especially towards the poor
• Simplicity in lifestyle and devotion in worship

He spent his nights in Tahajjud, engaged in Qur’an recitation and dua, and helped the needy without expecting praise.

As per the Sunni scholars , Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) is not just a martyr but a symbol of steadfastness in Deen, whose stand against injustice at Karbala preserved the true spirit of Islam.

Conclusion

Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه) is more than a historical figure—he is an inspiration. His unwavering stand for truth, his noble lineage, and the immense love of the Prophet ﷺ for him make him one of the greatest personalities in Islam.

Who Was Mola Ali (رضي الله عنه)?

Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه) was one of the most respected companions of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). He was known as “Asadullah” (Lion of Allah) and “Share-e-Khuda” (The Sword of Allah) for his unmatched bravery and wisdom. Some of his key contributions include:

• The first child to accept Islam at a young age.
• A key figure in the battles of Islam, including Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq.
• The gatekeeper of knowledge, as the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “I am the city of knowledge, and Ali is its gate.”
• The husband of Hazrat Fatima (رضي الله عنها) and the father of Imam Hasan (رضي الله عنه) and Imam Hussain (رضي الله عنه).
• The fourth Rightly Guided Caliph (Khalifa-e-Rashid) from 656 CE to 661 CE.

Events Leading to the Martyrdom of Mola Ali (رضي الله عنه)

During his caliphate, Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه) faced internal strife and political challenges. A group called the Khawarij, who had rebelled against his rule, planned to assassinate him.

On the 19th of Ramadan, 40 AH (661 CE), while leading the Fajr Salah in Masjid-e-Kufa, a Kharijite named Abdul Rahman Ibn Muljam struck Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه) on the head with a poisoned sword. After being severely wounded, he remained alive for two days, engaging in zikr (remembrance of Allah) and advising his followers on piety and justice.

Finally, on 21st Ramadan, 40 AH, he attained martyrdom and returned to his Lord. His last words were:

“I swear by the Lord of the Kaaba, I have succeeded.”

Teachings and Legacy of Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه)

Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه) left behind an immense legacy of knowledge, wisdom, and governance. His teachings on justice, humility, and devotion to Allah continue to inspire generations. Some of his famous sayings include:

• “Silence is the best reply to a fool.”
• “Do not let your difficulties fill you with anxiety, after all, it is only in the darkest nights that stars shine more brightly.”
• “Patience is of two kinds: patience over what pains you and patience against what you covet.”
• “The strongest among you is the one who controls his anger.”

How Ahl-e-Sunnat Observes 21st Ramadan

In Sunni traditions, particularly those followed by Dawat-e-Islami and Barelvi scholars, the day of 21st Ramadan is observed with:

• Quranic recitation and Nawafil prayers.
• Special Durood-o-Salam and Naats in honor of Mola Ali (رضي الله عنه).
• Majalis (gatherings) discussing his virtues and sacrifices.
• Charity (Sadaqah and Khairaat) in his memory.
• Duas for guidance and steadfastness on the path of Islam.

Ala Hazrat’s Love for Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه)

Ala Hazrat Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi (رحمة الله عليه) held immense respect for Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه) and often mentioned his superiority in knowledge, bravery, and closeness to Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). He also composed beautiful Na’ats and Manqabats in praise of Mola Ali (رضي الله عنه).

Conclusion

The martyrdom of Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه) is a reminder of the sacrifices made for Islam and the importance of justice, wisdom, and devotion to Allah. As Ahl-e-Sunnat, we remember and honor him with love and reverence, seeking to follow his teachings in our daily lives.

May Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) grant us the ability to walk in the footsteps of Hazrat Ali (رضي الله عنه) and uphold the values of truth, patience, and justice. Ameen.

Background of the Conflict

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, signed in 628 AD, was a pivotal agreement between the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh of Mecca. The treaty was meant to bring peace for ten years, allowing Muslims to perform pilgrimage the following year.

Violation of the Treaty

However, the Quraysh violated the treaty by supporting the Banu Bakr tribe in attacking Banu Khuza’ah, who were allies of the Muslims. This breach led Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to take action against Mecca.

Preparations for the Conquest

The Prophet’s Strategic Planning

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) prepared meticulously for the conquest. He ensured secrecy to prevent the Quraysh from preparing for war.

Gathering the Muslim Army

A powerful army of 10,000 companions was gathered, consisting of skilled warriors from various tribes who had embraced Islam.

The Journey Towards Mecca

Secretive Movements

The Muslim army advanced quietly, avoiding unnecessary confrontations. The Prophet’s wisdom and strategic planning ensured that Mecca would not face destruction.

Camps Set Up Outside Mecca

Upon reaching the outskirts of Mecca, the Prophet (PBUH) ordered his men to light multiple fires to create an illusion of a larger army, intimidating the Quraysh.

The Entry into Mecca

Dividing the Muslim Army into Four Groups

The Muslim army entered Mecca from four different directions, ensuring a swift and organized takeover.

Near Bloodless Victory

With minimal resistance, Mecca was conquered without major battles. Only a few skirmishes occurred, but the city was swiftly secured.

The Prophet’s First Actions in Mecca

General Amnesty for the People

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) displayed unparalleled mercy, declaring a general amnesty. He forgave even those who had previously opposed Islam, including Abu Sufyan.

Destruction of Idols in the Kaaba

The Prophet (PBUH) personally removed 360 idols from the Kaaba, restoring the House of Allah to its monotheistic roots.

Key Figures and Their Roles

Abu Sufyan’s Acceptance of Islam

Abu Sufyan, a key Quraysh leader, embraced Islam after witnessing the overwhelming power and mercy of the Prophet (PBUH).

Khalid ibn Al-Walid’s Role

Khalid ibn Al-Walid led one of the army divisions, ensuring a swift and strategic conquest.

Hazrat Ali’s Contribution

Hazrat Ali played a crucial role in communicating the message of peace and securing Mecca without major bloodshed.

The Prophet’s Speech at the Kaaba

Message of Forgiveness and Unity

At the Kaaba, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) addressed the people, highlighting mercy, unity, and justice. He declared:

“There is no blame upon you today. May Allah forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of the merciful.”

Establishment of Justice

The Prophet (PBUH) abolished old feuds and tribal conflicts, establishing Islam’s message of equality and justice.

Islam’s Reestablishment in Mecca

Abolition of Pagan Practices

With the destruction of idols, pagan practices were abolished, and Islam’s pure monotheism was reinstated.

Strengthening of Monotheism

The Kaaba was once again dedicated solely to the worship of Allah, fulfilling its divine purpose.

Impact on the Arabian Peninsula

Political and Social Reformation

The conquest brought political stability and justice, strengthening Islam’s influence across Arabia.

Influence on Neighboring Tribes

Seeing Mecca’s transformation, numerous tribes across Arabia embraced Islam.

Significance of the Conquest

A Turning Point for Islam

Fath-e-Makkah was a defining moment that cemented Islam’s dominance in the Arabian Peninsula.

Establishment of Mecca as the Religious Center

Mecca became the heart of Islamic worship, attracting pilgrims worldwide.

Lessons from the Conquest

Mercy Over Revenge

The Prophet’s (PBUH) forgiveness of his former enemies teaches us the power of mercy over vengeance.

Patience and Strategic Planning

The conquest was not just a military victory but a testament to patience, diplomacy, and divine guidance.

Conclusion

The Conquest of Mecca was a monumental event that reshaped the course of history. It was a victory of faith, forgiveness, and unity. This event remains an enduring lesson in leadership, humility, and the power of divine justice.

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